Question 1

What is gold doré?

Accepted Answer

Gold doré is a semi-pure alloy of gold and silver produced by gold mines. It is typically sent to a refinery for final purification to 999.9 fineness. Luanica brokers doré from mining operations with independent assay and provenance verification.

Question 2

How does Luanica verify gold provenance?

Accepted Answer

Luanica walks provenance backwards to the pit: checking mining licences, ownership chain and export history. An independent assay confirms fineness at the mine gate. Only when the chain of custody is unbroken does the refinery receive the material.

Question 3

What is gold outturn?

Accepted Answer

Gold outturn is the refinery's confirmed result of processing doré into refined gold bars, typically at 999.9 fineness. The outturn report confirms the weight and purity of the refined bars, which carry serial numbers into the vault.

Question 4

Does Luanica trade paper gold or ETFs?

Accepted Answer

No. Luanica brokers physical gold only — doré, refined bars and bullion. All transactions involve physical metal with verified chain of custody from mine to refinery to vault.

Question 5

What gold products does Luanica broker?

Accepted Answer

Luanica brokers gold doré from mines, refined 999.9 gold bars from refineries, and institutional gold bullion for bullion banks, sovereign mints and dealers. Services span the full chain from mine gate to vault settlement.